Acculturation of Hispanic Population in the United States Research Paper

Acculturation of Hispanic Population in the United States - Research Paper Example The people from every culture have brought diversity in American culture with the uniqueness of respective culture. The Hispanic culture and community has been diffused all over the country propounding new traditions, trends customs, and cultures and acquired the status of the largest minority group. America’s bilingual educational structure is the impact of the growing Hispanic population as the largest minority. According to Census Bureau of US (2003), â€Å"Young, Diverse, Urban: Hispanic Population Reaches All-time High of 38.8 Million† (Naidoo, 33) These Hispanic groups in the United States have faced certain obstacles from the culture of United States since the time of their arrival. While there has been interchanged of values between the US society and the Hispanics, yet their stay in the United States have brought them certain benefits, which they perhaps could not access back at home. The Hispanic groups are often referred as an â€Å"assimilation-oriented society† (Schaefer, 235) where the problem of language difference has been existent since the time of their arrival in the United States. For a long period of time, the Hispanics witnessed hindrances in schooling for children speaking Spanish. The recognition of the bilingual status and bicultural trend have been accepted and credited in the States only in the recent years. In the current years, Spanish has been recognized as an asset rather than a liability. Variations in accents and pronunciation of the same language have faced resistance from the â€Å"language purity movement† (Schaefer, 235). For the last two to three decades Hispanics were discouraged to speak Spanish. The Hispanic children were differentiated from the Anglos in schools. For the last two to three decades Hispanics were discouraged to speak Spanish. (Schaefer, 242) Children were punished if they were caught speaking in Spanis h within school premises. The ability of a person to adapt to the stressors is refereed as allostasis. This allostatic load factor is important to judge the proper health status. When an individual is exposed to adverse situations for a long time, it is normal for them to become vulnerable to such challenges involving physiological strain and such alterations lead to a deterioration in health conditions.

Australian indigenous world views and accounting

Australian indigenous world views and accounting This paper summarizes the article titled The issue of Australian indigenous world-views and accounting written by Susan Greer and Chris Patel (2000). Also critically review the article and compare it with other articles those discuss the same idea and focus on the same issue. As any research area and especially in social sciences, the difficulty and the complex of the topic should be taken as a point of departure for exploring and studying the topic as well as the importance of the topic. The paper was structured into eight sections as following: an introduction; limitations of Hofstedes cultural taxonomy; yin and yang values framework; core Australian indigenous cultural values; work-related values; land-related values; the meaning of native title and concluding comments. The purpose of the paper is to provide evidence of cultural differences between indigenous Australian values and the Western capitalist values implicit in the language of accounting and accountabilityp1 as the authors believe that although great efforts have been made on the cross-cultural accounting research, the mainstream cross-cultural accounting research has failed to address two main issues: First: the mainstream research of cross-cultural accounting focused on the impact of culture on the accounting systems but not the influence of accounting on societal values. Second: the cultural differences within countries have been omitted. The article tries to study this issue and fill the knowledge gap in this field, also presents the cultural norms and values among the indigenous and non-indigenous peoples within Australia p 308. Specifically, the study aims to demonstrate that Australian indigenous cultures embody core values that conflict with the values encapsulated within Western systems of accounting and accountability. p308 Article Summary The study illuminates the differences between indigenous Australian peoples cultural values and Western capitalist values appears in language of accounting that related to work and land. Choosing the conceptions of work and land were based on two reasons, first the previous studies which have shown the importance of the work related values and differences between cultures. Second, the recent introduction of native title into property law granted the Australian indigenous conception of land some legal recognition alongside other forms of property rights p309 the authors criticize Hofsteds cultural taxonomy as they believe in its limitations, they refer to a number of limitations as: this approach overly simplistic as it reflects the values of the politically and socially advantaged groups within countries, also it does not include the minorities in the sample such as indigenous peoples, moreover, it fails to address the complexity of culture p310 Because of these limitations mentioned above, the authors adopt another suitable approach which they believe it is the appropriate one for such a study. The alternative used approach is Yin and Yang values framework, the authors believe that A useful perspective for examining the cultural values and conceptions of reality reflected and socially reproduced by accounting, is that of the universal masculine or yang and the universal feminine or yin (Hines, 1992, p. 318).as some writers (Hines 1992) showed that the language of accounting preferences yang values, such as quantification, objectivity, efficiency, productivity, reason, and logic, and in doing so, silences or excludes those values associated with the universal feminine or yin, such as relationships, nurturing, experience, and intuition p310 The authors address the usefulness of the adoption of this value framework to their study in two primary reasons. The first reason is because of the evidence of unique Australian indigenous cultural values provided from a large collection of anthropological, sociological and pedagogical literature. Secondly, the increasing emphasis of the Australian indigenous people s on cultural values and traditions. Core Australian indigenous cultural values In this section, authors try to introduce the differences in cultural values within the indigenous Australian peoples or (the yin core values). According to the authors, The whole community is classified into specific relationships with each member (Crawford, 1989). For example, the Pitjantjatjara people of Central Australia gave Europeans kinship terms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The Yolngu of the Northern Territory are also known to assign positions within the domain of Yolngu kinship to non-Aboriginal people with whom they have more than superficial or brief contact à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Thus for many indigenous peoples, kin positions constitute the basic datum of social identity. p 313 Also authors state that sharing and relatedness values are central to these indigenous societies especially to Aboriginal society. In the next sections the authors focus on two groups of value taking them as examples, these groups of values, according to the authors, are aligned to yin values. Work-related values In this section the work-related values of indigenous peoples are presented as yin values, which are clearly reflected in the indigenous attitudes to work, consequently are in contrast with yang values. Some examples was given in support to this issue the strength and nature of obligatory relationships and the web of sharing within kinship networks are often acknowledged as a key determinant of the success or failure of indigenous enterprises. Yet, governments at the state and federal levels and indigenous funding bodies have consistently ignored this factor. Instead, indigenous organisations and communities have been increasingly submitted to financial accounting controls and measures of financial accountability and compliance which prioritise yang values that are in direct conflict with the core Australian indigenous values of sharing and relatedness. p 316 Land-related values Descriptions of how the land is considered by indigenous peoples in Australia can be found under this section where the authors provide evidences on how land values for these indigenous are different to accounting and accountability systems in the Western capitalist environment. The authors state that The earth is considered the source of all life and, as such, the indigenous peoples are obligated to look after the earth, so that the earth will in turn provide for them p 318 According to the authors the link between these peoples and land is much deeper than just an economic property, as it can be read that In Australian indigenous culture it is the spiritual link to the land that is all-pervasive. The land is the source of the Dreamings, the source of identity and the foundation principle of land rights in indigenous culture is not one of individual proprietary rights, rather it is relationships p 319 The meaning of native title Native title was identified in the article as inalienable right consisting of the laws, customs, practices and traditions of particular communities. As such, the rights under native title are limited to the indigenous community which observes those traditions, customs and practices. Native title does not equate with the estates, rights or interests in land which form the law of real property at common law . . . it is to be regarded as unique p 320 The indigenous consider it as an important part of their culture not as it appears in the Western accounting literature as: . The property; . The asset; . The economic resource; . The commodity; and . The natural capital. The loss of this title means loss of culture itself for these Australian indigenous peoples. Conclusion comments the article concludes with the mention of the failure of mainstream cross-cultural accounting research to include the norms and values of less advantage groups such as indigenous, also the article refers to the complexity of accounting and accountability to study such a subject as these social aspects are part of many other subjects as history, ideology, language and mythology. Moreover, the authors suggest to build on the work has been made by Hines (1992) and Broadbent (1995; 1998). Critical Reflections This section critically evaluates the work has been done by Greer S. and Patel C. (2000) by reviewing the used method and objectives achieved in the light of other works on the same topic. Strengths it is good attempt to bring such issues to the attention of accounting, some issues like the issue of accounting and indigenous, how they are effected by accounting and how accounting should benefits from their cultures for example in terms of environment and social responsibility. As Gallhofer et al (2000) think that it seems appropriate to speculate further upon how indigenous cultural principles might be reflected more generally in the context of impacting upon accounting p 397 The objectives of the article were clearly stated and strongly linked to the title. Also the abstract summaries and explains clearly the debate issue of the article and the limitations of the methods used before. The aims and objectives of the article were well addressed and The findings were well organized and reported objectively. More importantly, new approach was applied as alternative method to characterize the indigenous peoples cultural differences in terms of accounting and accountability. It can be said that the article was well written and sectioned in good order, also very clear literature review was introduced by descriptions of the related work has been done in the same field within discussions in different places in the article which, also number of good references were used in both method section and the development body. In my view, that would give a good opportunity to describe the contents of the article and make them more readable. Not to mention the number of examples was injected in different sections of the article to support the ideas included. Weaknesses Gallhofer and Chew state that (2000) We are particularly concerned to address the problem that non-indigenous researchers face when they write about issues concerning indigenous peoples and cultures p 258. As mentioned it could be a problematic issue that non-indigenous researchers can not reflect clearly the complexity of cultural and social elements and accounting in indigenous societies in general. At one point it could be said that the method used to gather the data for this article were clearly explained and the developments of the critical contextual analysis were well explained. On the other point, however, the reliability of the used texts is sometimes difficult to be measured. Also the scope of the study and the population used were not based on a clear approach. Hofsteds cultural taxonomy was criticized in the article because of its limitations; however, the method was employed as alternative approach (Yin and Yang value framework) has its own limitations too. At one point the used method is acceptable for determining the content and deliver broader understanding to the reader .however, it could be questionable if it is the appropriate method to explain and develop scientific accounting theory and result reliable outcomes as it is affected by other sciences such as language, history and politics. This makes the issue is more complicated and can not be studied without considering other elements, for instance, Jayasinghe and Dennis Thomas (2009) found that The findings imply that any form of rational transformations in indigenous accounting systems in local subaltern communities requires a phenomenological analysis of any prevailing and dominant patronage political systems. p 351 From personal point of view, hybrid Approach should be applied to study the topic including ethno-methodological approach. The article does not mention clearly how to improved the accounting theory and engage it with indigenous culture and practices, in personal view, the expected outcomes of studies not just general description to matters but also to give potential solutions. It also can be argued that the article does not show whereas the indigenous peoples welcome the western accounting and accountability systems or not, and if yes till which degree. In general, the article should have studied both sides of the relationship between the indigenous and the language of western accounting and how they affect each other rather than focusing on one side as the relationship is an interactive one. As it seems that the issue is more deep-rooted in the accounting field which requires studying the historical background of the matter. It is also arguable that although the authors arose the differences between cultures within the same country, they applied the comprehensiveness when they studied the indigenous and ignored the cultural differences between these indigenous peoples themselves, for instance Gallhofer et al (2000) believe that There are complex differences between the three groups of indigenous people and indeed between their different tribes. p 384 Questions Left to Answer The article raises issues and possibilities that should be focused on and questions need to be further explored; additional studies are needed to raise research possibilities beyond those identified and overcome method limitations. Conclusion In conclusion, the paper has promoted to the idea of providing evidence of differences between indigenous Australian values and the Western capitalist values in the accounting context. Some good cases have been presented with implementing a developed method in the field. Besides, several of good references have been used in order to develop the problem statement of the article, It could also be said that the yin and yang values framework which used in the paper has its limitation in terms of providing evidences of the problem studied. The conclusion was based on the findings from the critical contextual analysis used and the literature reviewed; also the recommendation was limited to a call for additional research in this area of research as some other researchers suggest (Gallhofer and Chew 2000). Overall, the study gives good contribution to knowledge in terms of the used method and the objectives, also the study would need to be linked to other works have been done on the same topic (Gallhofer, S., Chew, A. (2000), Gallhofer, S., el al (2000), Davie, S. (2000), Jayasinghe K. and Thomas D. (2009), to give better and broader understanding to the problem introduced in the mentioned article.

Executive Summary of the Hispanic Market Essay -- Hispanic Culture Mar

Executive Summary of the Hispanic Market â€Å"Latinos are changing the way the country looks, feels, and thinks, eats, dances, and votes. From teeming immigrant meccas to small-town America, they are filling churches, building businesses, and celebrating this Latin heritage.... In America, a country that constantly redefines itself, the rise of Latinos also raises questions about race, identity, and culture – and whether the United States will ever truly be one nation.† (Larmer, pg. 50) This passage aptly describes the dawning of a new ‘enlightenment’ era in the United States. Marketers are beginning to focus on an emerging market known as the Hispanic/Latino community. The sheer strength of the Hispanic market can no longer be avoided as marketers are realizing that traditional methods of reaching a generalized market segment do not apply to the complex Hispanic culture. In the last half of the 20th century, the size of the Hispanic market in America grew exponentially. Traditional attempts to capitalize on the Hispanic market failed in large part to stereotypes and cultural myths. A new focus was necessary to attract, reach and retain the market. In order tackle this potentially lucrative market, marketers need to understand the cultural attributes that define the Hispanic market. Their primary focus is to understand the statistical values that characterize the group. Census figures over the last thirty years clearly illustrate a pattern of growth, not only in population, but in wealth and education as well. Clearly, this is becoming a stronger, savvier and better-educated market. As marketers become better acquainted with the Hispanic market, they have found several attributes that are typical of the Hispanic culture and influence in America. They first need to understand that the term â€Å"Hispanic† is a broad generalization of several cultures and races, each with distinct characteristics and values. Once an understanding that many subcultures encompass the Hispanic community, marketers can disseminate the target market and address those characteristics shared amongst the Hispanic community. Level of acculturation, brand loyalty, language, religion and a strong sense of family are those shared traits that need further study in order to properly understand what Hispanics believe, care for and personify. Once a deeper comprehension of the Hispa... ...d Asians. New York, NY: American Marketing Association. 1987. Guernica, Antonio. Reaching the Hispanic Market Effectively; The Media, the Market, the Methods. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1982. Larmer, Brook. Latino America. Newsweek, July 12, pg. 50-58. 1999. Noriega, Chon and Ana M. Lopez, Eds. The Ethnic Eye: Latino Media Arts. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. 1996. â€Å"Riverside† Webster’s Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary. 1998 Rodriguez, America. Making Latino News; Race, Language, Class. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 1999 Roslow, Peter, and Janel Therrien Decker. A Guide to Building Market Dominance: Case Histories in Hispanic Marketing. Roslow Research Group Inc., 1998. United States Census Bureau. â€Å"Census 2000†. Washington: Census.gov. 2002. http://www.census.gov. (30 Sep. 2002) United States Census Bureau. â€Å"Historical Income Tables-Households†. Census.gov. 2002. http://www.census.gov/hhes/income/histinc/h05.html. (30 Sep. 2002) Valdes, M. Isabel. â€Å"Marketing to American Latinos; A Guide to the In-Culture Approach†. Ithaca, NY: Paramount Market Publishing, Inc. 2000. Whitefield, Mimi. â€Å"Mining the Market† The Miami Herald 17 Oct. 2001, C1+

Characteristics of Successful Online Learners

Although these are the main characteristics found in this article, I think there are much more o the characteristics to online learners then meet the eye. (British Journal of Education Volvo 44 No 5 2013) In the article Exploring the link among entry characteristics, participation behaviors, and course outcomes of online learners by Reran Housework and Arcane Top, talks about how the entry' characteristics of early online learners were older, male, employed students, (THOMPSON 1 998) but as online learning progressed all ages, sexes and employment status used online learning as the way they furthered education. Dabbing 2007) Participation behaviors of online learners were described in the article as people who possessed more knowledge of online communication tools like blobs and interactive tools had increased knowledge of how online learning worked. The articled also stated that learners that had knowledge of CM tools tend to interact more than other online learners. (Goodwin et al 2008) Course Outcomes have a large effect on online learners. An online leaner tends to return to learning and tell about the experience if they are satisfied with the outcome of their achievements during their online experience.While I read this article thought about my own experience of wanting to learn online. I found I too possessed several of the characteristics described in the article. Although I found the article a bit one sided as to age, gender, and backgrounds, I did think that the article pointed out as online learning progresses the characteristics seem not to have the same in commons as it once did was a very good point to make showing that more and more people of all sexes, ages and backgrounds are turning to online learning just as they would face to face learning.Reading this article made me want to work harder on my degree. It made me want to study harder, to learn as much as I could so can show that online learning is not just for smart, male, employed people like it once was. That it is for all people who want to learn and achieve their goals. Anyone that wants to pursue an online education can do it; they just have to want it. The conclusions in the article were accurate for the time it was written, it was objective to all online learners and was well written and articulated. The Scriptures teach us that anyone can learn and be taught.Proverbs 22:6 â€Å"Train up a child in the way he should go; even when he is old he will not depart from it. † Characteristics of online learners are similar to everyone in some aspect of life. I have learned that everyone makes their own path, their own goals, and achievements. Reading this article on the topic of characteristics of online learners showed me how I can be a better online student, ask for more out of my time as an online learner, and want more as an online learner. Want to strive to learn more, give more, and ask more questions in my online learning and in my everyday life.I will make my online learning experience the best it can be. I will achieve my goal of earning a degree and I will make a better life for me and my family. Reading this article has given me more passion and more drive that I can earn this degree and I can have my cake and eat it too. Characteristics of online learners may be similar to most online learners, but have learned that even though entry characteristics, participation behaviors, and course outcomes may have an effect on online learning outcomes, as individuals we learn differently and want different things out of our online earning experiences.Online learning is unique experience and it takes planning, organization, and dedication to be an online learner, we can all do it and we can all achieve our goals if we put our minds to it. In our life as children we have really always been online learners, just not on the internet. We learned from the lines in the Bible, we learned from the line in our school books, and we have learned from ou r parents. If you apply all that you have learned in your life to your online learning you will be a Successful Online Learner.

Global Strategy for Lenovo

Global strategy for lenovo Content O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Learning skills and globalization  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step one: research learning.Step two: microcosmic learning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step three: trail learning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step four: deepen and development learning  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step five: reform enterprise DNA  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International employee and Lenovo next steps development  Ã‚  Ã‚   O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Supply chain  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global marketing and double operation mode  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global strategy and differentiation strategy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reform Lenovo business DNA for build new company culture and global development  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Summary  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reference Table of Contents AbstractNow days, more and more companies are going global. In China Lenovo is a representative in that area. During I do the research about Global strategy I am very interested in the Lenovo group. It might be the earliest one gets the mind about globalization. At the beginning to run company they get them target is going global. In my paper I find some area for them strategy try to find a way to suit for this big company. I will take seven parts to written this paper. There are: Learning skills and globalization International employee and Lenovo next steps development Supply chain Global marketing and double operation mode Global strategy and differentiation strategyReform Lenovo business DNA New company culture and global development This will be a system for a company should be taking on the global way. I want to explain ways to suitable Chinese company are going to global. Lenovo is a case to learn. Introduction Lenovo take a goal is international is come up very early. Lenovo has been raised from the factory opened in Hong Kong to buy IBM PC department. From list to open research and development base overseas. Lenovo is step by step towards international, to a multinational company. But deep in the blood of Lenovo company culture is a good thing or will become hinder development in the further is a point.Lenovo existing resources and the international strategy Lenovo take are good enough for the international journey. Through Lenovo history to find strategies Lenovo was taken Investigate Lenovo history is not difficult to find that Lenovo dev elopment seems get some relationship with China’s political. China’s international will be the Lenovo international. Lenovo is a national feeling of enterprises. 80’s ideas for the national association provide excellent development opportunities. Lenovo catch hold of people’s national feeling and do the right marketing as them general engineer Ni guangnan. Today, China’s international are also give Lenovo provides a strong support. From Lenovo development history is to view.Lenovo no mater what management mode, operating mode or technology mode have been in development. Each one changes is against every major change in the marketplace. But this time for Lenovo globalization them mark the change is not good enough. From the first to make the control of the plane to crash was indeed beyond imagination. Lenovo is from the confidence to headhunt from Dell. From Hong Kong to set up plants to in India and Mexico to establish research and development cent ers. Go to global is more real in the history of the Lenovo. Learning skills and globalization There are five steps enterprise should be take during them go to globalization. They are five different level learn enterprise will be taken.First three steps are get seedtime. For Lenovo, Last two steps are more impotent. If a company is not learning before they are going to international. It’s hard to successful. It’s like a student will be study in a new country but he or she can not know anything about that new country he or she is hard to enjoy his or her study. Step one: research learning. Step two: microcosmic learning Step three: trail learning Step four: deepen and development learning Step five: reform enterprise DNA Research learning Research learning is survey of the target country's macroeconomic environment and learning it. Before Wal-Mart has been open any supermarket in China.There management must be get research for Chinese population, income and consumption levels, the per capita GDP of the economy and the Chinese government’s intervention in the situation of more then one investigation. This is one very important point to explain why War-Mart so successful. Similarly, Lenovo must be research the target country macro environment Such as politics, economy, population, technology and environment. Lenovo Group on July 26, 2007 in Beijing announced that it will invest 31 million US dollars in India and Mexico for a new manufacturing center, in order to meet these growing demands for computers. Before Lenovo group mark this decision they must be get research about India and Mexico.For example: In recent years the information technology industry in India stress on the bull market, is expected in 2008 India's software industry output value of 87 billion US dollars, exports reached 50 billion US dollars, India's software industry has become an important pillar for economic development. The information like that Lenovo group must be know n before them marks this decision. Of course Lenovo group must research the government’s intervention in the situation of these two countries. Microcosmic learning The second phase of the study is aimed at relatively minor issues. The study focused on consumers and the local some unspoken rules.It contains the legal inside. If the analogy to the internationalization of a war, then only can we win the battles mutual understanding. However, the key factor in winning is not the master of public information. Master of public information is necessary, but not completely conditions. And this public information is that the internationalization of the war is that the macroeconomic environment analysis. So completely conditions are the local consumer habits, language, unspoken rules, logical thinking and values of the legal system and potential constraints which hidden in the surface. Those in the international war can be viewed as the enemy within the military.Lenovo is the same in a cquisition of IBM's PC division, Lenovo if learn the American consumer habits, lifestyle, and the legal situation of the values Americans have to understand that it acquired in association with the issue of integration after winning exposed to greater problems. In fact, Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's PC department does have a big problem. The first is IBM and Lenovo two different cultural conflicts. This situation is inevitable, but before Lenovo buying IBM PC department if Lenovo's management was learning the Americans these potential habits and the rules has so understood will be relatively less. You can imagine, if Lenovo Group and the United States in the negotiations of the use of the broken English is cooked then you can imagine people sitting in the two countries will have to work with how great the differences and contradictions.If Lenovo executives level are not study the United States culture and the unspoken rules before they buy IBM PC department so that the major acquisi tions will be difficult to continue. TCL and France's Thomson acquisition is between pictures of a negative example. Before TCL buy France’s company Thomson they are not conducted a detailed analysis and study for France’s legal system. In the end TCL encountered big issue in dealing of layoffs in the financing. French law on the protection of layoffs far exceed TCL budget. The outcome of the restructuring are not embarrassed. Trail learning The third step is learning phase of the second stage of in-depth. The first two stages of learning are to go abroad for the door before a preparatory work.The third phase is learning test water. In this regard Wal-Mart has done quite well. Wal-Mart entered China in 1996 after five years in China did not have open one more supermarket. Is Wal-Mart hasn’t enough money for more supermarket running in China? No, it’s not. It‘s Wal-Mart is doing the trail learning in China. In these five years, Wal-Mart needs further verification by the domestic market analysis and forecasts of expected adjustments and the development of strategic planning. Because of Wal-Mart's goal is to open Wal-Mart stores in China each city, perhaps further with the development of an opening in every town. So one trail learning is necessary for Wal-Mart.Lenovo If you want to succeed at the international level, it is the first Wal-Mart to learn patience and ability to learn. Lenovo Group in the United States, Europe, India, Mexico and other countries of the target market has sufficient patience to learn. At this stage of learning is the creation and nurturing of talents localization of management. If you have done research shows that the McDonald's and KFC Wal-Mart manager almost no Americans, the United States except shop. Wal-Mart in the five-year period not only learning to do business in China, to study the habits of the Chinese people and Chinese people to do things the way they want to also train them in conformity wi th the standards of the people and in accordance with the standards of the supply chain.So Lenovo in the United States and other targeted countries on the market to do less is to establish their base and develop their own localization of management talent. If Lenovo not build a team in the target country they are hard to quite join the local market. Localization is first step and most important step for the international. If Lenovo failed localization so it is difficult to achieve internationalization. Google appointed Kai-Fu Lee, vice president for global concurrently president of China is a good example. Google to open the Chinese market to compete and Baidu, he first has to do is a localization team. Deepen and development learning The fourth stage of learning is to deepen and expand the learning.Foreign brands to enter an unfamiliar market, and in fact created a new brand with a same place. That is, no one knows you; no one will take the initiative to buy. Therefore, a brand in a local market in order to survive it so successful marketing is essential. In this regard Lenovo marketing done on the more successful. Firstly Lenovo’s sport marketing was successful in global. You can say this point is Lenovo learning from Samsung’s successful experience. Lenovo's sports marketing and event marketing performance to join the TOP program and Olympic soccer star Ronaldinho signed. These are reflected in the Lenovo in this regard made by the marketing efforts. It may Lenovo chairman Yang Yuanqing who is doing business on it.At this stage, enterprises in the target countries have started small-scale operations. It is a positive competition and competitor’s time. McDonald's in China began opening large fast-food chain has been established at the time of its raw material supply base in China. Wal-Mart China's rapid opening of the supermarket chain has been building his management team and rapid reaction supply chain. Theoretically Lenovo in the inte rnational market competitors began when awakened positive competition should also establish a strong management team and the localization response agile supply chain. But in fact it's not Reform enterprise DNA The fifth phase of the study is recombinant DNA enterprises time.Its enterprises rooted target countries, to thoroughly international. This stage enterprises need to reconsider the definition and rectification. This time the companies have no points of the country. It is not only to do right for the shareholders of such a simple matter. Before Samsung go to global it just need get responsibility for them investor. Need money earnings. But now Samsung has not only South Korea's Samsung. It needs of his enterprises in the world is responsible for the country. Need to integrate global resources and the right of consumers around the world responsible. They need to contribute to the community and they need to foster the image. Samsung done so it Samsung was successfully.Lenovo list ing of the problems facing this series, the reasons for Liu to defeat summed up a word, is listed after the changes are not suited. Still in the management of a small company means a rationale management listed companies. Now Lenovo whether there is sufficient justification capacity management a multinational? Lenovo seems to be done in this regard also not perfect. The mail incident in the United States is worrying Lenovo in the United States do the preparatory work. DELL salesman wrote in the e-mail, buy Lenovo is a disguised form of support to the Chinese government. He hopes to use this speech to persuade Lenovo customers to DELL. This incident will be taken bad influence for Lenovo group in the international.It also reflects Lenovo wasn’t establishing an image suit for consumer mind about multinational companies. The big problem exists internal of Lenovo is management model. After Lenovo acquisition of IBM's PC debasement emerging the contradictions in the management see m to be quite difficult. So Lenovo headhunt DELL CEO Departure to the CEO of Lenovo Group. Lenovo hopes he has come to a temporary solution to the conflict; tripartite management of the two sides will win unanimously. More or less the Lenovo Group also did not establish applicable to international management of the approach. It is also indicates that Lenovo determined to establish a new management system. International employee and Lenovo next steps developmentOn November 9, 2004, Lenovo group President Liu Chuanzhi speaks frankly at the eighth session of CEO annual meeting, at present the company has encountered two big difficult problems in the internationalization advancement: Brand internationalization difficult and the internationalization talented person is deficient. He indicated obtains the success after the Chinese market, the company in order to seek the achievement the breakthrough, at present is moving towards the internationalization and the multiplication. However meet s two major problems in the internationalization advancement: First is the brand internationalization process exceptionally is difficult, â€Å"before we the brand superiority which form in the Chinese market has vanished, must form the international well-known brand, must make the very big effort, and needs to have the massive funds†.Second is Lenovo need more high level international people to help them if company wants to successful in the international. He thinks this is very difficult for a local company. He expressed, â€Å"Although we have absorbed the colleague which many has the overseas service experience, but our backbone staff mainly is develops in the native place, raises, these years we unceasingly absorbed China to study to the overseas, to be some colleagues which the work came back, But requested to the internationalization talented person also to have the very great distance† The December of 2005, Dell senior vice- president concurrent Asia an the Pac ific and Japan area president William . J .Arab League Mei Liao leaving Dell and join Lenovo group and take up the post of CEO. This is a change for Lenovo group about them always like use people who are group up inside of Lenovo. From Beijing, Hong Kong to Singapore, the Lou advantage (the American North Carolina state) with Paris, disperse in global each place associates in GAO Guanceng, most probably is the foreigner. In Lenovo has formed the internationalization first step is as employee’s localization understanding. In the present case, the Lenovo group faces the biggest difficult problem still is to the internationalization talented person's demand. A company wants to be really international they must be having international employee first.Now, for Lenovo group the problem is they didn’t get enough international employees to do that work. Lenovo group build up them Research and development center any Headquarters in United States of America. In America Lenovo gro up feel very hard for looking for the suitable employees who understand Lenovo group culture. About this problem Lenovo get them own solution is improve them request for the new stuffs and change them officer language to English to suit for this problem. This also is the Lenovo speeds up the adoption internationalization advancement a demand. Lenovo must be know that Stealing Managers isn’t only way to get suitable employees way. Them must be build a good system to mark them own person with ability inside.Even Lenovo group founder to ask the reporter questions also said Lenovo like manger who are group inside. The main reason is Lenovo want to continue them company culture. Now, Lenovo group face the new position them must be get new employees who get more strong skills as learning new things and strong innovation skills. They must be get good team work skills. Supply chain In the supply chain, Lenovo Group of China there is a clear advantage. In 2000, Lenovo in domestic ente rprises in the first successful implementation of the ERP, and then at that time the supply chain management under the leadership of the Department, took two years to complete the project SCM. At the same time, Lenovo started a supply chain management system.The logistics sector-lead VMI   project created with the vendor Lenovo synergy values and customs, and re-planning of the procurement logistics network layout, with the supplier's inventory visualization of collaborative management, real-time monitoring of inventory levels, according to Lenovo in the single-product production depositors from the original 14 days down to five days; CTO   process optimization project improved the delivery of customized products, Lenovo was the rapid rise of direct technical support operations. After a series optimize of 2002-2004, Lenovo build in the Chinese market gold supply chain, the response speed and cost control has surpassed Dell, In China Lenovo’s cost just 1/4 about Dell. Leno vo’s response speed need only four days (Dell for a week). However, in overseas markets, Lenovo will have to face the original IBM's huge losses and the slow response of the supply chain?Cost pressures become Lenovo the enormous obstacles in overseas markets. But merging two huge companies in the supply chain integration has existed enormous difficulties. Therefore, Lenovo overseas is still used by IBM's original supply chain system. In China the use of the Lenovo deal set up before the supply chain system. So Lenovo CEO Amelio told the new Lenovo's global supply chain systems to two point, to balance First, Second is to achieve the lowest cost. Analysis several PC companies which are having more fierce competition with Lenovo group in the international are not difficult to find a problem with Lenovo. That is they are all have more quickly supply chain then Lenovo group has.Dell's suppliers are in the core of its computer production base in Xiamen next to factories, Lenovo is the need for a global procurement. Now Lenovo ‘s customers outside China's orders need eight days to reach the point of production, while Dell only needs one hour. Data show that before the acquisition, Lenovo’s product inventory days are 22. 7 days, close to the global average PC inventory levels. After the acquisition, Lenovo supply chain costs of the total cost of around 6%, while Acquisition former only 1% more. In establishing agile supply chain there are still an unpredictable mistake, it is the assessment for the land and the combined effect. Which is more important for Lenovo’s development? It is Lenovo by purchasing land in Laikaluona states of the United States.North Carolina will provide cheap land, but it can not provide competitive provider community. North Carolina has two characteristics: first, agriculture, tobacco production up to 700 million pounds annually, in the states, out of one; Second, the states of the cotton industry as the crown to Ch arlotte for the center, around the many small textile industry cities. Lenovo group should do is build a supply chain more quickly then Dell spent more than 20 years established electronic group. Lenovo has to do is to better integrate its internal resources in order to establish agile supply chain. Now there is a big problem inside of Lenovo group is Lenovo’s inside market.An associate director complained, â€Å"We often encounter a back-end motherboards are out of the situation a few weeks, the various district customer manager get goods, Tun goods. † The reason, he believed that there are several aspects: 1. Upstream manufacturers Intel and AMD led the industry in price oscillations; Two internal Lenovo is a â€Å"business forecasts† mechanism under a quarter of inaccurate forecasts, after mutual-blame; The three components of global procurement work is poor; four Lenovo's product line is the depth breakdown of demand led to parts of the complex. These reason s appear because Lenovo’s interior management system get big problem. Global marketing and double operation mode Global marketing is an important step for an enterprise going to internationalization.Marketing development process is including seven steps. They are Consumers analysis, market analysis, competitor surveys and the analysis of their own advantages, analysis of distribution channels, the formulation of a preliminary marketing programs, economic development and evaluation and revision before the six steps until the formation of a coordination program. Europe and the US market is a highly sophisticated market, consumers have more strong sense of themselves. They are in choosing products more sensibly. The issue of treatment for products problem are harsher. Some dissatisfaction will resort to the law. Consumers have the power to the more sober understanding.In the market, the saturation of the PC products is higher. Market share by several larger companies occupy. Del l, HP, Acer, is Lenovo strong competitor. Lenovo is more strangeness for the customer. More important is local customers are more strangeness for Lenovo. If they are in direct competition Lenovo only has a little chance of winning. Lenovo their advantages, can be more convenient to retain the original IBM's biggest customers. As we all know, most of IBM's customers are big customers, while them personal computers are few customers. Therefore the above address this specific Lenovo marketing information for them own tailored to a difference of an international marketing strategy.Specific performance is now vigorously promoting Lenovo dual business model. And find the Olympic torch in the overseas Chinese. Now chairman of Lenovo Group Lauded as the core competitiveness of the Lenovo – Lenovo's business model is focused on the development of the host. The so-called Lenovo double- business model is the target customer classifications. They are covered two part. One is for Major cl ients. It’s including the government clients. Other is the PC customer. Lenovo group get two different systems to suit this two different groups. As every know this two different groups are look forward to different areas. They get different request for the computer.So as this way Lenovo group can separate the two different services to two different customers groups to ensure satisfaction of customers and will not pass. After Lenovo Group in Germany and some other places that the experiment is indeed feasible. But Lenovo group said this double business model is them core competitiveness seems too hasty. This model is too easy to copy. We can continue analogy to Lenovo marketing for a war. As for the war, the most important thing is not win, but fought victory after how appease. This like Lenovo group get strong marketing in international and them double business model are successful attract the customer.So that if Lenovo group can not cash in the same quality service as they are commitment for the customer is Lenovo group ruin upon themselves. The United States and the European market is a mature market. Consumers are rational consumers. If Lenovo rely on the strength of marketing get the original customer. But they are not lets original customer become loyal consumers. Lenovo is undoubtedly offending consumers. This is a bad news for any business. Such behavior like this is self-destructive brand image. Global strategy and differentiation strategy Undeniably, Lenovo was chosen different operations on the internationalization road. This is a wise move for Lenovo group.Lenovo develop target markets mainly in Europe and the United States, some of the more mature markets. Competitors are more powerful. Lenovo Group on large customers has specific Differential Marketing. Whether in the products or marketing, Lenovo in overseas markets, chose the differences strategy of their own as an international strategy. Japan's Toyota Motor Corp. in this respect is the more successful. Today Lenovo faced situation is similar as several years ago Toyota faced. So in this side Lenovo group can learned from Toyota. A few years ago the American market is full of heavy car. The car like that are suit for American consumer buying psychology as a car. But Toyota's unique success is the choice of a different strategy.Toyota and strong competitors are not for positive conflict. First of all competitors can relax vigilance. At least Toyota can reduce the trouble about legal before it development enough strong. Secondly use of the product differentiation gradually enters the mainstream market to be successful. When Toyota was get success in the United States mainstream market. Its competitors were hard to market out of there. Instead of the United States car market share declined much. Now, Lenovo Group which is the situation has attracted the attention of competitors. Lenovo has to be done is not in the local market has not yet possible before the firm and competitors have a positive conflict.As Lenovo's deal with Dell and HP mail advertising time of the incident the same attitude. Lenovo should take the stable development as the first choice. The difference in the paralysis of the competitors is a more effective means. Competition in mind is not to put pressure on competitors. Reform Lenovo business DNA for build new company culture and global development Lenovo chairman Yang Yuanqing said for the high-speed flight refueling aircraft to the high-speed driving for car wheels. We can find how difficulty Lenovo group will be take for them reform business DNA. Commercial enterprises DNA of an enterprise is to determine the direction and life.Lenovo in the international community can also depend on the success of Lenovo's commercial DNA. Enterprise is the concept of DNA from peter Ducker. Lenovo enterprises DNA is still insufficient to support the internationalization of Lenovo. An adapted to international enterprises DNA is not support as a success leader. It depends on the business system. This includes enterprises inside the decision-making power, organizational structure, information transmission and incentive mechanism. A healthy enterprises DNA can adapt to the market risk. If Lenovo group want be more successful in the international market it must be reform them business DNA.Chinese enterprises are in the initial most commercial DNA, their flexibility in the application of event-based decision-making, rapid capture business, the first to enter the market; low-priced beat each other, and the lack of those international enterprise systems, scientific, a long-term multi-dimensional space-based game decision-making. Therefore, we must want to understand the development gap at first. Evolutionary their business DNA, in the integration resources, improve the companies create value skills. Mark the decision as more point. From the history of the development of Lenovo is not difficult to see that. Now Lenovo is on t he way which is going to internationalization.They must be facing different risks which are come from different regions and countries every day. If Lenovo can not upgrade their own enterprises commercial DNA, it will be difficult survive in the international competitive environment. Summery Lenovo group is going global is a way of Chinese business are going global. There are must be get five steps to learn. For a company which is want to going to global the most important thing is learning skills and reform the business DNA and build a new company culture to suite for new company. Remember that, you are an international company now. If you want to be more successful in the international market you must get the international business DNA.You must be a company and you are not only taking the responsibility for the share holds. Your company should be take responsibility for the customer who comes from all over the world and the people who are come from all over the world. Your company is not only a company. It is an international public machine which supplies service for all over the world. Reference Table of Contents LIANXIANGFENGYUN BY AS LIU ZHIJUN THE NEXT STEP BY AS JIGONG W SANDERSON MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES FOR 21TH CENTURY BY AS PETER DRUCKER FUNDAMENTALS OF INTEMATIONAL BUSINESS BY AS MICHAEL R. CZINKOTA, Ilkka A. Ronkainen and Michael H. Moffett http://business. sohu. com/20070122/n247764248. shtml